Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Bridal Jewellery Necklace Set 2009

Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Bridal  Jewellery Necklace Set.  

By Kanwal Aam

PRC and the JKMIP Acts

There are zones set up with offices for relief. Many Orders, Circulars and recommendations have been issued for relief of Kashmiri Pandits.

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Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Bridal Jewellery Bracelet Necklace Earring Bracelet 2008

Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Bridal  Jewellery Bracelet Necklace Earring.  

By Kanwal Aam

The exiled community had hoped to return after the situation improved. They have not done so because the situation in the Valley remains unstable and they fear a risk to their lives.

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Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Bridal Jewellery Necklace Earring Pendant Set 2007

Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Bridal  Jewellery Necklace Earring Pendant Set.  

By Kanwal Aam

According to a J&K government report, 219 members of the community had been killed in the region between 1989 and 2004 but none thereafter.

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Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Bridal Jewellery Necklace Pendant Set 2006

Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Bridal  Jewellery Necklace Pendant Set.  

By Kanwal Aam

In 2010, the Government of Jammu and Kashmir noted that 808 Pandit families, comprising 3,445 people, were still living in the Valley and that financial and other incentives put in place to encourage others to return there had been unsuccessful.

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Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Bridal Jewellery Necklace Bracelet Pendant Set 2005

Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Bridal  Jewellery Necklace Bracelet Pendant Set.  

By Kanwal Aam

Many of the refugee Kashmiri Pandits have been living in abject conditions in refugee camps of Jammu.

The government has reported on the terrorist threats to Pandits still living in the Kashmir region.

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Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Bridal Jewellery Necklace Set 2004

Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Bridal Jewellery Necklace Set.  

By Kanwal Aamir.

The nature of planned exodus has remain controversial, with the involvement of then Governor Jagmohan in organizing a clandestine exodus been a subject of controversy.

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Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Jewellery Necklace Set 2003

Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Jewellery Necklace Set.  

By Kanwal Aamir. 

Other authors have suggested a higher figure for the exodus, ranging from the entire population of over 150,000, to 190,000 of a total Pandit population of 200,000, to a number as high as 350,000.

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Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Jewellery Necklace Set 2002

Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Jewellery Necklace Set.  

By Kanwal Aamir.
According to a number of authors, approximately 100,000 of the total Kashmiri Pandit population of 140,000 left the valley during the 1990s.

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Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Jewellery Necklace Set 2001

Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Jewellery Necklace Set.  

By Kanwal Aamir.

Those who chose to the first of these were told to leave their women behind so that they could be used as sex slaves. The Kashmiri Muslims were instructed to identify Pandit homes so they could be systematically targeted for conversion or killing.

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Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Jewellery Necklace Set 2000

Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Jewellery Necklace Set.  

By Kanwal Aamir.

The events of 19 January 1990 were particularly vicious. On that day, mosques[which?] issued declarations that the Kashmiri Pandits were Kafirs and that the males had to leave Kashmir, convert to Islam or be killed.

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Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Jewellery Earring 1999

Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Jewellery Earring.  

By Kanwal Aamir. 

They began to leave in much greater numbers in the 1990s during the eruption of militancy, following persecution and threats by radical Islamists and militants.

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Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Jewellery Necklace Earring 1998

Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Jewellery Necklace Earring.  

By Kanwal Aamir.

Recent events

Exodus from Kashmir (1985–1995)

The Kashmiri Pandits had stably constituted approximately 14 to 15 per cent of the population of the valley during Dogra rule (1846–1947). 20 per cent of them left the valley as a consequence of the 1948 Muslim riots and 1950 land reforms,[19] and by 1981 the Pandit population amounted to 5 per cent of the total.

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Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Jewellery Necklace Earring 1997

Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Jewellery Necklace Earring.  

By Kanwal Aamir. 

Both categories had different customs and traditions. Later, the Pandits who started doing business were categorised as Buhirs. The difference between categories has faded due to mass migration from valley 1985 onwards.

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Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Jewellery Necklace Earring 1996

Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Jewellery Necklace Earring.

 By Kanwal Aamir.

Historical photograph of Kashmiri Pandits, ca. 1895

Sub categories

The society of Kashmiri Pandits is divided mainly into following sub categories.

Banmasi who had initially migrated from the valley during the rule of Muslim kings and later returned Malmasi who stayed back in valley despite all odds.

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Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Jewellery Necklace Pendant Set 1995

Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Jewellery Necklace Pendant Set.

 By Kanwal Aamir.

Modern

The Brahmin Pandits of Kashmir established themselves in the Northern area of India, first in the Rajput and Mughal courts and then in the service of the Dogra rulers of Kashmir. This cohesive community, highly literate and socially elite, were one of the first to discuss and implement social reforms.

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Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Jewellery Necklace Bracelet 1994

Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Jewellery Necklace Bracelet.

 By Kanwal Aamir.

Pandits who still practiced the Shaivite religion. Not much was done to win back the converts to Hinduism. The majority, though still remained Hindus in Jammu and Kashmir.

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Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Jewellery Necklace Earring 1993

Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Jewellery Necklace Earring.

 By Kanwal Aamir. 

The Mughals rule was followed by that of Afghans. Gradually, many Kashmiris converted to Islam, leaving smaller population of Kashmiri

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Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Jewellery Necklace Earring 1992

Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Jewellery Necklace Earring Ring Bracelet.

 By Kanwal Aamir.

Modern history

Three Hindu priests writing religious texts. 1890s, Jammu and Kashmir.

Early modern

Akbar conquered Kashmir in 1587 AD. During his mughal rule the Hindus enjoyed security of person and property and were allotted high government posts. It was he, who, pleased with their intelligence, gave them the surname Pandit.

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Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Jewellery Necklace 1991

Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Jewellery Necklace.

 By Kanwal Aamir.

He respected the learning of these Pandits, to whom he gave land as well as encouraging those who had left to return. He operated a meritocracy and both Brahmins and Buddhists were among his closest advisors.

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Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Jewellery Earring 1990

Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Jewellery Earring.  

By Kanwal Aamir.

Butshikan's heir, the devout Muslim Zain-ul-Abidin (1423–74), was tolerant of Hindus to the extent of sanctioning a return to Hinduism of those who had been forcibly converted to the Muslim faith, as well as becoming involved in the restoration of temples.

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Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Jewellery Necklace Pendant Chinese 1989

Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Jewellery Necklace Pendant Chinese.  

By Kanwal Aamir.

The outcome of this shift both in population and in religion was that the Kashmir Valley became a predominantly Muslim region.

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Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Jewellery Pendant Chain 1988

Kashmiri Marriage Fashion 2015 Gold Silver Jewellery Pendant Chain 

By Kanwal Aamir.

Brahmins were at that time generally being offered grants of land in other areas by rulers seeking to utilise the traditionally high literacy and general education of the community, as well as the legitimacy conferred upon them by association.

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Kashmiri Marriage Fashion Gold Jewellery Necklace Set 1987

Kashmiri Marriage Fashion Gold Jewellery Necklace Set. 

By Kanwal Aamir.

Many followers of the traditional religions who did not convert to Islam instead migrated to other parts of India. The migrants included some Pandits, although it is possible that some of this community relocated for economic reasons as much as to escape the new rulers.

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Kashmiri Marriage Fashion Gold Jewellery Necklace Set 1986

Kashmiri Marriage Fashion Gold Jewellery Necklace Set. 

By Kanwal Aamir.

The actions of Sultan Sikandar Butshikan (1389–1413), the seventh Muslim ruler in Kashmir were also significant to the area. The Sultan has been referred to as an iconoclast because of his destruction of many non-Muslim religious symbols and the manner in which he forced the population to convert or flee.

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Kashmiri Marriage Fashion Gold Jewellery Necklace Set 1984

Kashmiri Marriage Fashion Gold Jewellery Necklace Set. 

By Kanwal Aamir.

Medieval history

Zulju, who was probably a Mongol from Turkistan, wreaked devastation in 1320, when he commanded a force that conquered many regions of the Kashmir Valley. However, Zulju was probably not a Muslim.

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